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Two primary questions I am pursuing in my reading and research in relation to humor and literature are:
First, before the emergence of the idea of the “sense of humor” as a perceptual ability or humor as a trait of personality, what cultural meaning did “humor” hold in the premodern era?
Second, to what extent does the eighteenth and nineteenth-century concept of Romantic irony—its concerns about the instability of meaning and identity—form the foundation of twentieth-century humor?
Both of these questions revolve around the ways in which the term humor or the nexus of ideas and terms around humor (wit, ridicule, irony, laughter, etc.) interact with or attest to evolving views of the self or the individual. In contrast to nineteenth-century views, the premodern era’s view of the self was not predominantly as an individual but within a hierarchy of responsibilities and social connections. How might this cultural framing of the self change how we think about pre-modern cultural views of “humor”? Looking the other direction historically, patterns of thought in the twentieth and twenty-first century seem to exude increasing confidence in the idea of a self or individuality. Does humor, through the lens of Romantic irony, help us to understand why, despite this seeming confidence, contemporary identity is simultaneously such a contested and unstable idea?